决策者 | 2023博鳌亚洲论坛聚焦气候议题

Editor's note: Decision Makers is a global platform for decision makers to share their insights on events shaping today's world. Leslie Maasdorp is the Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the New Development Bank. He is also a member of the World Economic Forum's Global Future Council on Resilient Financial Systems. The article reflects the author's opinions and not necessarily the views of CGTN.

编者按：决策者是一个全球平台，供决策者分享他们对影响当今世界之事件的见解。马磊立（Leslie Maasdorp）是新开发银行副行长兼首席财务官、世界经济论坛全球未来理事会韧性金融系统议题组成员。文章仅代表作者的观点，并不代表本台观点。

在全球分化加剧、地缘政治紧张局势升级和全球经济不确定性增强的大背景下，各国领导人、政策制定者、商界和学术界精英齐聚博鳌亚洲论坛年会。

Global leaders, policymakers, business and academia are convening at the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference against the backdrop of deepening global fragmentation, geopolitical tensions and heightened uncertainty in the global economy.

在空前的全球性挑战面前，亚洲正逐渐成为世界经济的增长引擎。据国际货币基金组织预测，2023年亚洲国家对全球经济增长的贡献率将高达75%。中印两国对今年世界经济增长贡献率将达50%，使亚洲成为推动全球经济复苏的核心力量。

In the face of these unprecedented global challenges, Asia is emerging as a growth engine of the world economy. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Asia will contribute as much as 75 percent to global growth in 2023. China and India combined will comprise 50 percent of global growth, placing the continent at the center of the efforts to restore global economic recovery.

中国国务院总理李强以及西班牙、新加坡和马来西亚等国领导人出席论坛开幕式，表明博鳌亚洲论坛已成为亚洲地区决策者展开对话的重要舞台。因此，人们有充分理由期待此次论坛将达成务实成果，进一步加深亚洲经济合作与一体化。

The presence of Chinese Premier Li Qiang, as well as foreign leaders such as the prime ministers of leading nations such as Spain, Singapore and Malaysia signifies just how important Boao Forum for Asia has become as a platform for dialogue among decision-makers in the region. Expectations are therefore understandably high that the forum will produce tangible outcomes that will deepen economic cooperation and further integration in Asia.

亚太地区温室气体排放量约占全世界的一半，因此，博鳌论坛将气候行动和能源转型作为重点议程理所当然。在政府和企业需要将气候承诺付诸实践的关键时刻，这一主题催生的紧迫感和使命感愈发强烈。

Asia-Pacific accounts for half of the global greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore not surprising that the Boao Forum agenda has climate action and energy transition in particular, as one of the most preeminent topics on the agenda. There is a new sense of urgency and purpose around this theme as the time has arrived for governments and companies to convert their climate commitments into concrete action.

2021年，中国宣布实施“双碳”战略，即力争于2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和。这些目标为企业制定脱碳战略提供了明确的指引，也为各省市将这一目标纳入中期规划提供了清晰的方向。

In 2021, China released a plan to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. These goals provide a clear roadmap for businesses to design their own decarbonization strategies and for cities and provinces to align their medium-term plans towards this goal.

对亚洲而言，中国关于停建境外煤电项目的承诺意义重大。在过去十多年里，中国在可再生能源发电、电池储能技术、电动汽车制造和智能电网建设等领域取得了突破性进展。作为全球最大的碳排放国，中国正引领全球向净零排放转型，此举尤为关键。我预计，在气候行动对话中，企业和政府领导人会强调几个核心信息。首先，可能会强调银行和金融机构在全球向净零排放转型过程中的关键作用。由于金融机构为大小企业提供融资，因此有能力帮助各行业用更环保、碳排放更低的替代方案取代旧技术。

Of particular significance for Asia, is the pledge by China to not build new coal-fired power projects abroad. For well over a decade, China has made major advances in the rollout of renewable power generation, battery storage technologies, electric vehicle manufacturing and the construction of smart grids. As the world's largest emitter of carbon, this leadership role of China in the global transition to net zero is indeed critical. I expect that leaders of businesses and governments will reinforce several messages during the conversations on climate action. Firstly, strong emphasis is likely to be placed on the key role of banks and financial institutions in the transition to net zero. Since they provide financing for small businesses and large corporations, financial institutions have the ability to help industries replace old technologies with greener, less carbon-intensive alternatives.

在2021年格拉斯哥举行的第26届联合国气候变化大会期间，许多跨国金融机构纷纷做出“净零”承诺。除了减少自身碳排放外，这些机构还将更大规模的资金投向新的气候解决方案。业界已经达成高度共识，认为加速亚洲各行业的绿色转型是实现高质量发展和为全民创造长期繁荣的唯一途径。

Many of these global institutions have made net-zero commitments of their own during the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties in Glasgow in 2021. In addition to reducing their own emissions, these institutions are mobilizing larger volumes of finance towards new climate solutions. There is already a high degree of consensus that accelerating the green transformation across industries in Asia is the only way to achieve high-quality development and create long-term prosperity for all citizens. 

预计各界将呼吁金融服务业提高行动标准，设定更加雄心勃勃的目标，调动更多的社会资本，把握绿色经济带来的重大商机。具体而言，各界将呼吁金融机构更加努力，快速实现具备商业可行性的气候技术的规模化应用。简言之，可持续发展将成为新的增长引擎，激发创新活力，推动价值创造和长期发展。

It is expected that calls will be made for the financial services industry to raise the bar and set even more ambitious targets in mobilizing larger volumes of private capital and seizing the significant business opportunities from the green economy. Concrete calls will be made for renewed efforts to rapidly scale climate technologies that have become commercially viable. In short, sustainability will be presented as a new growth driver, a spark for innovation and an enabler for value creation and long-term growth. 

众多亚洲国家央行行长出席了2023年博鳌亚洲论坛。预计这些监管人士将强调数据分析的重要性，聚焦于开发新的前瞻性指标，帮助银行评估绿色转型的进展。亚洲地区的银行或被要求披露其排放数据，以环境、社会和治理报告的形式向各国央行进行汇报。

Many Asian central bank governors are attending the Boao Forum 2023. I expect that these regulators will highlight the role of data analysis and the development of new forward-looking metrics for banks to assess the progress of the green transition. Banks across the region will be expected to publish their emissions data as part of their environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting to central banks.

The press conference for the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference is held in Boao, south China's Hainan Province, March 28, 2023. /Xinhua

此外，目前有令人不安的迹象显示，多边主义有所倒退，许多国家的保护主义、民族主义和内向型政策正在抬头。我预计，监管人士和商界领袖将强调：通过加强多边机构能力，发挥多边开发银行的作用，提高亚洲经济体对于气候变化等全球挑战的集体应对能力。

Secondly, there are troubling signs today of a retreat from multilateralism as protectionism, nationalism and inward-looking policies are on the rise in many countries. I expect that regulators and business leaders will highlight the collective capacity of Asian economies to respond to these global challenges such as climate change by bolstering multilateral institutions including multilateral development banks. 

当前的现实引人深思：各国单靠自身的资源、技术和能力无法应对如流行病、气候变化和生物多样性丧失等各类全球挑战。多边机构在这方面具备独特优势。

The sobering reality is that countries on their own do not have the resources, technologies or capabilities to tackle global challenges like pandemics, climate change or loss in biodiversity. Multilateral institutions are uniquely positioned to fulfill this role. 

另外，我预计政策制定者在气候变化议题上将重申公平的能源转型的重要性。加速淘汰化石燃料的计划固然重要，但解决此类转型带来的社会影响也同样重要。依靠煤炭和化石燃料产业维生的工人和社区将面临失业和经济困境。

Thirdly, I expect policymakers to place renewed emphasis on the need for a just energy transition in the conversation on climate change. Plans to accelerate the phasing out of fossil fuels are important. Of equal importance, however, are the efforts to address the social consequences of such a transition. Workers and communities who live and derive their livelihoods from the coal and fossil fuel industry will experience job losses and economic hardships. 

制定包括培训和再培训计划在内的方案，为这些社区提供再就业和经济机会至关重要。

It is vital that plans including training and retraining programs are put in place to provide alternate jobs and economic opportunities to such communities. 

2023年有望成为亚洲各国采取关键气候行动的重要突破之年。

Finally, 2023 could well emerge as the breakthrough year for decisive climate action in Asia.

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